My Boyfriend free essay sample

Although walk-in consultations are sometimes available, students with appointments will receive priority assistance. Appointments may be made in person or by calling 895-3908. The students Rebel ID Card, a copy of the assignment (if possible), and two copies of any writing to be reviewed are requested for the consultation. More information can be found at: http:// Herrington. Null. Du/ * Refillable By policy, faculty and staff should e-mail students Refillable accounts only. Refillable is Unless Official e-mail system for students. It is one of the primary ways students receive official university communication such as information about deadlines, major campus events, and announcements.All NULL students receive a Refillable account after they have been admitted to the university. Students e-mail prefixes are listed on class rosters. The suffix is always @Null. Nevada. Du. Objectives to Be Introduced During Writing Projects Once a skill is introduced in one writing project, you will be expected to apply that skill in each successive writing project. We will write a custom essay sample on My Boyfriend or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Writing Project One: Personal Expression I Course Objectives * To plan and organize an essay by working through your writing process * To benefit from peer response to your writing * To identify and understand the audience and purpose in writing * To edit final drafts for format, structure, grammar, and mechanics I Critical ReadingObjective * To identify the main idea in a passage of nonfiction prose (at various levels ranging from the paragraph level to the essay level) I Writing Objectives Rhetorical Strategies * To use personal experience as evidence by selecting specific details that support a thesis and create a unified focus Writing Objectives Editing Tasks * To eliminate fragments, comma splices, fused sentences * To eliminate spelling errors * To apply ML guidelines for document design I Writing Project Two: Analysis I Course Objectives * To develop effective critical reading skills through close analysis of texts I Critical Reading Objective * To identify and classify var ious rhetorical elements in a passage of nonfiction prose, such as thesis, definition of key terms, supporting evidence, acknowledgement of opposing viewpoints, rebuttal of opposing viewpoints, transitions, personal example, textual evidence, statistics, etc.

Free Essays on The Misconception Of An Average Guy

The Misconception of an Average Guy Just because I’m bigger than you doesn’t mean I’m a killer. I am taken the wrong way very often by people, even people that know me pretty well. I am a little larger than the average guy, and most of my friends are average. It is a general assumption among most people these days that a person bigger than themselves must be mean and have no feelings or cares about other people’s feelings. My friends are all afraid of me. They are scared to tell me how they really feel sometimes. I just about always get my way when we are out together doing something. I have never intended harm on any of my friends. I have always been bigger and stronger than them, and by this characteristic alone they have made an awful picture of me to be mean if not made happy. Where or how they came to this decision I will never know. As it may be, these perceptions couldn’t be further from the truth. At heart I am probably one of the most gentle, tender hearted, people I know of. I have a few close friends and my mother, of course, who know how I actually am. I hurt just like anybody else. I’m not made of stone, and if I get mad I’m not going to take out a crowd of people around me. I feel like I get cheated sometimes by my friends, or that I may be cheating them. Just because they are trying to keep me happy, for fear of pain that I have yet to implement on them. I have never even joked about hurting anyone. For example, I went to a party a few weeks ago and met some new people. They acted as if I would hurt them if they said something I disagreed with. They even kind of hinted around to try and see what my opinions were before they spoke, so they could side with me. I was talking to one guy and he asked me if I was with this girl that was at the party. I told him I wasn’t, and with that he replied, â€Å"Good man, because if you were I’d stay far away because you’re a big guy and y... Free Essays on The Misconception Of An Average Guy Free Essays on The Misconception Of An Average Guy The Misconception of an Average Guy Just because I’m bigger than you doesn’t mean I’m a killer. I am taken the wrong way very often by people, even people that know me pretty well. I am a little larger than the average guy, and most of my friends are average. It is a general assumption among most people these days that a person bigger than themselves must be mean and have no feelings or cares about other people’s feelings. My friends are all afraid of me. They are scared to tell me how they really feel sometimes. I just about always get my way when we are out together doing something. I have never intended harm on any of my friends. I have always been bigger and stronger than them, and by this characteristic alone they have made an awful picture of me to be mean if not made happy. Where or how they came to this decision I will never know. As it may be, these perceptions couldn’t be further from the truth. At heart I am probably one of the most gentle, tender hearted, people I know of. I have a few close friends and my mother, of course, who know how I actually am. I hurt just like anybody else. I’m not made of stone, and if I get mad I’m not going to take out a crowd of people around me. I feel like I get cheated sometimes by my friends, or that I may be cheating them. Just because they are trying to keep me happy, for fear of pain that I have yet to implement on them. I have never even joked about hurting anyone. For example, I went to a party a few weeks ago and met some new people. They acted as if I would hurt them if they said something I disagreed with. They even kind of hinted around to try and see what my opinions were before they spoke, so they could side with me. I was talking to one guy and he asked me if I was with this girl that was at the party. I told him I wasn’t, and with that he replied, â€Å"Good man, because if you were I’d stay far away because you’re a big guy and y...

Best Summary and Analysis The Great Gatsby, Chapter 9

Best Summary and Analysis The Great Gatsby, Chapter 9 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Just as The Great Gatsbybegan with Nick’s father reminding him about his upbringing, so it ends with Gatsby’s father reminding us about the childhood of James Gatz (Gatsby's real birth name). As one of the few mourners at Gatsby’s very sparsely attended funeral, Mr. Gatz worships his son’s achievements in the way that no one whom Gatsby wanted to impress ever did. The Great GatsbyChapter 9ends with one of the most famous last lines in all Western literature. Read on to see how Fitzgerald connects Gatsby’s story with theuniversal human hope for a better future. Quick Note on Our Citations Our citation format in this guide is (chapter.paragraph). We're using this system since there are many editions of Gatsby, so using page numbers would only work for students with our copy of the book. To find a quotation we cite via chapter and paragraph in your book, you can either eyeball it (Paragraph 1-50: beginning of chapter; 50-100: middle of chapter; 100-on: end of chapter), or use the search function if you're using an online or eReader version of the text. The Great Gatsby: Chapter 9 Summary The police investigation reduces what happened to the simplest possible terms: that Wilson was deranged by grief and killed Gatsby at random. Myrtle’s sister doesn’t tell the police about Myrtle having an affair. Rumors again swirl around Gatsby, and uninvited people again come to his mansion to gawk at where the murder-suicide happened (just like when they came to gawk at his parties).Nick is the only person who is still interested in Gatsby as a human being, and becomes a kind of representative for him - both about the rumors, and also about the logistics of dealing with his body and effects. Daisy and Tom have already left with no forwarding address by the time Nick tries to call them about Gatsby’s death. Nick tries to find Wolfshiem, but can’t get in touch with him. Wolfshiem sends a perfunctory-sounding letter, but at least agrees to come to Gatsby’s funeral. Nick answers the phone at Gatsby’s house, expecting it to be Daisy, but instead it is someone associated with Gatsby’s criminal enterprise. We get a quick idea that Gatsby was indeed doing something bigger than bootlegging - something to do with stolen or counterfeit bonds. The man hangs up without another word when Nick tells him that Gatsby is dead. Three days later, Nick gets a telegram from Henry C. Gatz - Gatsby’s father. He read about Gatsby’s death in a Chicago newspaper and is coming to the funeral from Minnesota. When Mr. Gatz shows up, it’s clear that he is still pretty poor. He is in awe of what his son has been able to accomplish, and clearly loves him very much. Gatz is clearly all in on the idea of the American Dream, comparing Gatsby to a famous rags-to-riches railroad magnate. When Gatz asks Nick to identify himself, Nick calls himself Gatsby’s close friend. That night, Ewing Klipspringer, the guy who crashed at Gatsby’s for most of the summer, calls. Nick assumes that he’ll be coming to the funeral, but Klipspringer is only calling to get back a pair of shoes he left behind. The day of the funeral, Nick goes to see Meyer Wolfshiem in person. Wolfshiem’s secretary lies and says that Wolfshiem is Chicago, but when Nick mentions Gatsby’s name, he’s shown into Wolfshiem’s office. Wolfshiem fills in some more details about Gatsby’s past. After Gatsby got out of the army, he met Wolfshiem at a pool hall and asked for a job. Wolfshiem saw the potential in Gatsby’s good looks and his â€Å"Oxford man† aspirations. Gatsby used these qualities to make connections in places where Wolfshiem himself couldn’t get in. Wolfshiem explains that he can’t come to Gatsby’s funeral - he doesn’t want to be anywhere near a crime scene. Back at the mansion, Mr. Gatz shows Nick a picture of the Gatsby’s mansion that Gatsby had sent back home. He also shows him a western that Gatsby had loved to read. The back page has a schedule Gatsby had written for himself to follow, and a list of self-improvement initiatives he had undertaken. No one seems to be coming to the funeral, and it starts to rain, so Nick, Mr. Gatz, and the minister drive to the cemetery.The man with the owl-eyed glasses (the one who had been marveling at Gatsby’s library of unread books in Chapter 3) suddenly shows up to mourn with them. Nick doesn’t know either his name or how he knew to be there. Nick flashes back to a childhood memory of coming home from boarding school. He compares the Midwest that he (and Gatsby, Tom, and Daisy) come from to the East coast where they each made so many mistakes. Nick decides that he is fundamentally a Midwesterner and needs to go back. Nick goes to hash things out with Jordan. When she tells him that she’s engaged (which seems unlikely, since it’s only been one week since they broke up), he suddenly wants to get back together, but thinks better of it. She does tell Nick that she felt very hurt when he broke up with her, but she seems completely over it. Jordan calls Nick out on his self-satisfaction with being scrupulously honest - was he dishonest with her about his feelings? Several months later, Nick sees Tom in Manhattan and refuses to shake hands with him. Nick asks Tom what Tom told Wilson in the garage the night Myrtle was killed. Tom fesses up that he told Wilson whose car ran over Myrtle (which answers the mystery of how Wilson was able to find Gatsby). Tom argues that telling Wilson the truth would have put Tom in danger, since Wilson had a gun. Nick is horrified - after all, it wasn’t Gatsby who ran over Myrtle. It was Daisy. But he realizes that Tom is a spoiled child and tries to let his anger go. Gatsby’s mansion goes to seed. Before he leaves New York for good, Nick scrapes an obscene word off itsstairs, and then goes to the dock to think about the green light on Daisy’s dock and Gatsby’s hopes and dreams. Nick thinks about what this island looked like to Dutch sailors who crossed the Atlantic, and thinks about how we live in the perpetual hope of a better future with a total disregard for the past. Despite his lavish parties, despite all the outlandish rumors about him, Gatsby never really earned the respect of anyone except Nick. Key Chapter 9 Quotes I found myself on Gatsby's side, and alone. From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg village, every surmise about him, and every practical question, was referred to me. At first I was surprised and confused; then, as he lay in his house and didn't move or breathe or speak hour upon hour it grew upon me that I was responsible, because no one else was interestedinterested, I mean, with that intense personal interest to which every one has some vague right at the end. (9.3) Just like during his life, after his death, rumors swirl around Gatsby. Usually, death makes people treat even the most ambiguous figures with therespect that’s supposedly owed to the dead. But Gatsby’sdeathonly invites more speculation, gawking, and a circus-like atmosphere. Note that even here, Nick still does not acknowledge his feelings of friendship and admiration for Gatsby. Instead, he claims to be the point person for Gatsby is funeral because of a general sense that â€Å"everyone† deserves someone to take a personal interest. But of course, there is no such right, as evidenced by the fact that Nick is the only person who cares about Gatsby as a human being rather than a sideshow. After a little while Mr. Gatz opened the door and came out, his mouth ajar, his face flushed slightly, his eyes leaking isolated and unpunctual tears. He had reached an age where death no longer has the quality of ghastly surprise, and when he looked around him now for the first time and saw the height and splendor of the hall and the great rooms opening out from it into other rooms his grief began to be mixed with an awed pride. (9.43) Gatsby’s father is the only person who has the kind of response to this mansion that Gatsby could have hoped for. Everyone else has found it either gaudy, vulgar, or fake. Perhaps this shows that for all his attempts to cultivate himself, Gatsby could never escape the tastes and ambitions of a Midwestern farm boy. After that I felt a certain shame for Gatsbyone gentleman to whom I telephoned implied that he had got what he deserved. However, that was my fault, for he was one of those who used to sneer most bitterly at Gatsby on the courage of Gatsby's liquor and I should have known better than to call him. (9.69) Gatsby was unable to parlay his hospitality into any genuine connection with anyone besides Nick, who seems to have liked him despite the parties rather than because of them. This highlights a clash of values between the new, anything-goes East and the older, more traditionally correct West. The East is a place where someone could come to a party and then insult the host - and then imply that a murdered man had it coming! Compare this to the moment when Gatsby feels uneasy making a scene when having lunch with Tom and Daisy because "I can't say anything in his house, old sport." (7.102). "When a man gets killed I never like to get mixed up in it in any way. I keep out. When I was a young man it was differentif a friend of mine died, no matter how, I stuck with them to the end. You may think that's sentimental but I mean itto the bitter end†¦.Let us learn to show our friendship for a man when he is alive and not after he is dead," he suggested. "After that my own rule is to let everything alone." (9.95-99) Wolfshiem’s refusal to come to Gatsby’s funeral is extremely self-serving. He is using this quasi-philosophical excuse in order to protect himself from being anywhere near a crime scene. However, in a novel which is at least partly concerned with how morality can be generated in a place devoid of religion, Wolfshiem’s explanation of his behavior confirms that the culmination of this kind of thinking is treating people as disposable. It also plays into the novel’s overriding idea that the American Dream is based on a willful desire to forget and ignore the past, instead straining for a potentially more exciting or more lucrative future. Part of forgetting the past is forgetting the people that are no longer here, so for Wolfshiem, even a close relationship like the one he had with Gatsby has to immediately be pushed to the side once Gatsby is no longer alive. I tried to think about Gatsby then for a moment but he was already too far away and I could only remember, without resentment, that Daisy hadn't sent a message or a flower. Dimly I heard someone murmur "Blessed are the dead that the rain falls on," and then the owl-eyed man said "Amen to that," in a brave voice. (9.6) The theme of forgetting continues here. For Nick, Gatsby the man is already â€Å"too far away† to remember distinctly. Perhaps it is this kind of forgetting that allows Nick to think about Daisy without anger. On the one hand, in order to continue through life, you need to be able to separate yourself from the tragedies that have befallen. But on the other hand, this easy letting go of painful memories in the past leads to the kind of abandonment that follows Gatsby’s death. When we pulled out into the winter night and the real snow, our snow, began to stretch out beside us and twinkle against the windows, and the dim lights of small Wisconsin stations moved by, a sharp wild brace came suddenly into the air. We drew in deep breaths of it as we walked back from dinner through the cold vestibules, unutterably aware of our identity with this country for one strange hour before we melted indistinguishably into it again. That's my middle westnot the wheat or the prairies or the lost Swede towns but the thrilling, returning trains of my youth and the street lamps and sleigh bells in the frosty dark and the shadows of holly wreaths thrown by lighted windows on the snow. I am part of that, a little solemn with the feel of those long winters, a little complacent from growing up in the Carraway house in a city where dwellings are still called through decades by a family's name. I see now that this has been a story of the West, after allTom and Gatsby, Daisy and Jordan and I, were all Westerners, and perhaps we possessed some deficiency in common which made us subtly unadaptable to Eastern life. (9.124-125) All along, the novel has juxtaposed the values and attitudes of the rich to those of the lower classes. However here, in this chapter, as Nick is starting to pull away from New York, the contrast shifts to comparing the values of the Midwest to those of the East. Here, the dim lights, the realness, and the snow are natural foils for the bright lights and extremely hot weather associated in the novel with Long Island and the party scene. They were careless people, Tom and Daisythey smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made. . . . (9.146) Nick’s summary judgment of Tom and Daisy seems harsh but fair. They are people who do not have to answer for their actions and are free to ignore the consequences of what they do. This is one of the ways in which their marriage, dysfunctional as it is, works well. They both understand that they just don’t need to worry about anything that happens in the same way that everyone else does. It is interesting to consider how this cycle will perpetuate itself with Pammy, their daughter. On the last night, with my trunk packed and my car sold to the grocer, I went over and looked at that huge incoherent failure of a house once more. On the white steps an obscene word, scrawled by some boy with a piece of brick, stood out clearly in the moonlight and I erased it, drawing my shoe raspingly along the stone. Then I wandered down to the beach and sprawled out on the sand. (9.150) It’s fitting that Nick feels responsible for erasing the bad word. His whole project in this book has been to protect Gatsby's reputation and to establish his legacy. Otherwise, without someone to notice and remark on Gatsby’s achievement, nothing would remain to indicate that this man had managed to elevate himself from a Midwesternfarm to glittering luxury. Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that's no mattertomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther. . . . And one fine morning So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past. (9.153-154) Check out our very in-depth analysis of this extremely famous last sentence, last paragraphs, and last section of the book. Think about the amount of effort involved in this process of constantly sailing against the current. Maybe this is the fundamental mismatch between Gatsby and Daisy. She is a creature of passivity, and he is a swan - gliding gracefully above the water, while paddling furiously just below it to stay afloat. The Great Gatsby Chapter 9 Analysis Let's now consider how the novel's key themes are addressed in this chapter. Themes and Symbols The American Dream. Gatsby’s dreams might be over, and Nick might be so disillusioned that he goes back home, but the American Dream persists unabated. On the one hand, the boys who cluster around Gatsby’s mansion are a new generation who are starting to buy into the cult of celebrity and the greedy ambition that propels many of the novel’s characters. On the other hand, Jordan’s ability to wave off the past without a second thought seems to be spreading - Wolfshiem and even Nick himself talk about quickly forgetting Gatsby. Mutability of Identity. Conversely, the inability to escape the past also plays a part in this chapter, as we learn that for Nick, this has been a story of Midwesterners trying to go east and failing. Most importantly, the last line of the novelsays that despite the fact that we struggle to move upstream, the current of our past is always working against our forward progress. Plot-wise, too, the last chapter is full of callbacks to the past. We meet up with characters who we thought were gone for good (Tom and Jordan), we get yet one more digressive explanation of Gatsby’s youth from Wolfshiem, and of course Gatsby’s actual past shows up in the figure of his father, Henry Gatz. Mr. Gatz is floored by what his son has made of himself. Very importantly, he is the only person who has the reaction that Gatsby would have wanted to his mansion, and he is the one who comes with a relic of Gatsby’s youthful dreams (the schedule and list of self-improvement resolutions). Symbols: The Eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg. The return of the man with owl eye glasses links this chapter to the novel’s obsession with eyes and seeing. Like Tom, Owl-Eyes immediately saw through Gatsby at the party - but crucially, Owl-Eyes perceived Gatsby’s false front as an example of a genius bit of theater rather than a lie. Like the giant billboard of disembodied eyes that haunts the ashheaps, Owl-Eyes seems to be able to see more than the average - but, importantly, he is actually able to render a judgment since he is sentient. At Gatsby’s funeral, this clear vision is clouded, as Owl-Eyes is constantly wiping fog off his glasses. And the fact that the man comes to mourn Gatsby seems to indicate that his judgment is a merciful, excusing one. Do the glasses make him wise like an owl? Predatory? All-seeing? Or does the fact that they are glasses mean that he doesn’t actually have any wisdom or clear sight? Crucial Character Beats Nick tries to find anyone at all to come to Gatsby’s funeral, but fails. Not even Wolfshiem will come. Daisy and Tom have left town for good, with no forwarding address. Henry Gatz, Gatsby’s father, hears about Gatsby’s death and come to the funeral from Minnesota. He is in awe of his son’s accomplishments. No one except the owl-eyed glasses man that Nick had met at one of Gatsby’s parties comes to the funeral. Nick reconnects briefly with Jordan, who tell him that she is engaged. Nick runs into Tom, who admits telling Wilson that it was Gatsby’s car that hit Myrtle. Nick decides to go back to the Midwest. What’s Next? Solvethe final pieces of the puzzle of Gatsby’s pastwiththe novel’s timeline. Consider the way this last chapter discusses the existence of the American Dream. Is the kind of hope and optimism that this ideal promotes worthwhile, or does it result in self-delusions and disappointment? Imagine the rest of Nick’s life by analyzing his character, motivations, and attitudes. Has this whole novel in reality been a coming-of-age story about him? Revisit the summary of Chapter 8or wrap back around to see how the novel began. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Coffee Shop Retailing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Coffee Shop Retailing - Essay Example The Starbuck coffee still leads its competitor, Costa in the market share. A survey conducted on the market performance of the two brands showed that Starbucks commanded a market share of 27% compared to Costa which commands 15 % of the market while the rest of the market is being shared between the small companies. In rating the market of the coffee with the substitute beverages, coffee in general comes third behind tea and Juice. 70% of the adults in UK takes coffee, 81% take juice while 83 % of the adult population takes tea (Kolk 2012). 2011 is a year where coffee experienced more innovations in its brands. The culture of taking coffee has been entrenched among the UK consumers and it is considered as the luxury which is affordable to all users. The quality of the product has been greatly improved by innovation through product development. The leading manufacturer of coffee is Nestle UK. The company’s product enjoys a market share of 42%. Basically the presence of instant coffee is the major reason behind success of the Nestle Company in the manufacturing sector. The coffee pods also have contributed to the growth of coffee consumption in general (Kolk 2012). Findings A coffee shop serves not only coffee but also tea, light lunch and some deserts. A local coffee shop can attract a large market by ensuring the frequent customers remains loyal. Commitment is required in order to accomplish a successful marketing. Usually most of the marketing and is done through the interaction with customers. Existing customers invite new customers; coffee shops provide a good social experience among the customers thus it is ideal for interaction. Some common coffee brands in the UK markets includes, Maxwell House coffee, Nescafe, Lavazza, Starbucks, Melitta, Kenco coffee among others. The market of these brands has depended mainly on the marketing of the brand. Retailers benefit from brands which have already established in the market. The main coffee brands in the U K market are Starbucks and the Costa brand. The famously world brand (Starbucks) carries the larger coffee market as compared to the Costa brand. The brand has several outlets throughout the country (Kolk 2012). A part from the coffee business, the coffee offers food together with the coffee, in order to increase income and also increase convenience to the customers. Though selling of food stuffs have been expanding among the coffee shop, the challenge is competitions from the established bakers and other competitors in selling the foodstuffs. Research shows that selling of foodstuffs within the coffee shops has been on the increase in the UK market and therefore the trend in coffee shop development has changed the marketing strategies shops rendering the services Quality of services A successful marketing would start with the kind of products and services being offered. Development of a variety of services would beneficial to the coffee shops than sticking to just offering coffee. Variety of services that are customer friendly benefits in expansion since advertisements is more efficient when done orally. Some the benefits that would ensure more customer base is ensuring the customers comfort. Ensuring that every table has a supply of electricity enables the customers to have a comfortable cup of coffee while using the laptops. Other services which are essential in increasing the customers include introducing live entertainment and uniqueness in provision of services.

Drug cartels and drug trafficking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Drug cartels and drug trafficking - Essay Example Prices of heroin and cocaine have decreased substantially in the past two decades, indicating greater availability (Lyman, 2010). The efficacy of international narcotics control policies remains a major issue. Millions of Americans purchase illegal drugs, spending roughly $60 billion yearly in multiple illegal markets (Barton, 2007, 18). These drugs are damaging to the user’s overall wellbeing, productivity, decision-making capacity, and health. Furthermore, the U.S. illegal drug market makes massive profits. These profits generate resources needed by global drug trafficking organizations to successfully dodge and fight with law enforcers, to break through legal economic sectors, and, in certain cases, to defy the power of the state (Erlen & Spillane, 2004). Computed in terms of dollar value, four-fifths of the total illegal drugs purchased in the U.S. come from foreign countries, as well as majority of the marijuana, heroin, and cocaine, as reported by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in 2002 (Barton, 2007, 19). According to Hinojosa (2007), the methamphetamine market, as stated by the DEA, is supplied mostly from Mexican and U.S. laboratories while majority of †˜designer’ drugs, unlawfully traded psychotherapeutic drugs, and hallucinogens comes from the U.S. The drug industry is highly profitable and a major source of international criminal operations. As stated in a 2002 report by the State Department’s Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL), more or less 930 tons of cocaine may have been manufactured in South America in 2001 (Barton, 2007, 19). A 2002 investigation by the UN Office on Drugs and Crime calculated the total profit of the illegal drug market in the Caribbean at $3.3 billion (Barton, 2007, 19). Not much is known about the circulation of profits from illegal drug trade, but foreign drug cartels hold substantial power over general

Divine Comedy Essay -- essays research papers

The Divine Comedy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Divine Comedy, written by Dante Alighieri is considered by many to be one of the greatest literary masterpieces of not just Latin literature, but of all poetry. Little is known of Dante Alighieri, mainly what we know if from what he tells us of himself in his poetry. In The Divine Comedy, Dante comes across as a resentful, yet passionate man who used this poem to alert Florentines of the tribulations that awaited them for their sins and for the corruption of their government. Like many great literary masterpieces, The Divine Comedy has a central character, Dante, who goes on a journey - through the nice circles of Inferno, to the top of the mountain Purgatory, and finally Beatrice takes him to Paradiso. The Divine Comedy is the story o...

Investigation of Magnetic Fields by Search Coil

Physics Lab Report – C15 Title: Investigation of magnetic fields by search coil Objective: To use a search coil and a CRO to investigate the magnetic fields generated by alternating currents through a straight wire and a slinky solenoid. Apparatus: Search coil 1 |Slinky solenoid 1 | |CRO 1 |Slotted bases 2 | |Signal generator 1 |Metre rule 1 | |a. c. mmeter 1 |Crocodile clips 2 | |PVC-covered copper wire 26 s. w. g. 1 m long |Connecting leads. 2 | Theory: When there is a change of the magnetic flux ? linked with a wire loop, it induces an electromotive force (emf) ? between the loop ends, but a constant magnetic flux or a non-linked flux does not. This is the basic fact of electromagnetic induction, expressed by Faraday’s law for a wire loop, ? -d? /dt The induced emf, ? is equal to the negative rate of change of the magnetic flux ? linked with the loop. If we replace the wire loop by a short coil of N turns, the induced voltage is N times that of a single loop, so Far aday’s law becomes ? = -Nd? /dt When loop ends are connected, ? produces a current which yields its own magnetic field. Its direction always opposes the flux change d? /dt. This fact is known as Lenz’s law and is expressed by the negative sign. For a circular loop of radius r and area A = ? r2 in a constant magnetic field B (Fig. 36. ), the magnetic flux linkage ? is ? = B? A = BA cos? B? denotes the field component normal to the loop. The flux linkage is zero when loop and field are parallel. It is highest when the loop is perpendicular to the field, i. e. cos? =1, thus, ? = -NA dB/dt. The search coil is always used to measure the magnetic fields. It consists of N turns of the coil enclosing an area A. When exposed to a changing magnetic field B, an e. m. f. is induced across the ends of the coil. The induced e. m. f. (? ) is directly proportional to the rate of magnetic field, i. e. ? = -NA dB/dt . When the search coil is connected to a CRO, the corresponding induced e. m. f. and hence magnetic field magnitude can be determined. Precautions for magnetic field around straight wire 1. The wire should be long 2. The distance(r) should much smaller than the length of the wire. Procedure A. Magnetic field around straight wire 1. The circuit as shown in Fig. C15. 1 and a lateral type search coil to a CRO was connected. 2. The signal generator was turned on and was set to 0. 5A and 5kHz. 3. The centre of the search coil was placed 1 cm away from the straight wire. The search coil was at the same level and perpendicular to the straight wire. The CRO setting was adjusted to display a whole trace on its screen. 4. The time base of the CRO was switched off. The length of the vertical trace shown on the CRO was recorded, which represents the induced peak-to-peak e. m. f. (V) in the search coil and also the magnetic field around the straight wire. 5. The steps 2 to 4 were repeated with the other values of current (I) from the signal generator in steps of 0. 1A. Then, the results were tabulated. 6. A graph of the induced e. m. f. (V) against the current(I) as plotted. 7. The steps 2 to 4 were repeated with the others values of distances (r) of the search coil away from the straight wire. The results were tabulated. 8. A graph of the induced e. m. f. (V) against the reciprocal of distance([pic]) is plotted. 9. The frequency of the signal generator was varied to change the sensitivity of the search coil. B. Magnetic field around slinky solenoid 10. The circuit as shown in Fig. C15. 2 and a lateral type search coil to a CRO was connected. The stretched length of the solenoid is 1 m. 11. The signal generator was turned on and was set to 0. 5A and 5kHz. 12. The search coil was placed at the centre of the solenoid. Make sure that the search coil was perpendicular to the solenoid. The variation of induced e. m. f. was shown on the CRO. 13. Step 12 was repeated with placing the search coil at the end of the solenoid, across its cross-section and along its length. 14. The search coil was placed at the centre of the solenoid again. The time base of the CRO was switched off. The length of the vertical trace shown on the CRO was recorded, which represents the induced peak-to-peak e. m. f. (V) in the search coil and also the magnetic field around the solenoid. 15. Step 14 was repeated with the other values of currents (I) from the signal generator in steps of 0. 1A. The results were tabulated. 16. A graph of the induced e. m. f. (V) against the current (I) was plotted. 17. Step 14 was repeated with the other stretched lengths (l) of the solenoid. The space between coils must be even. The results were tabulated. 18. A graph of the induced e. m. f. (V) against the reciprocal of the stretched length of the solenoid(1/l ) was plotted. Results A. Magnetic field around straight wire |Current I/A |0 |0. 1 |0. 2 |0. |0. 4 |0. 5 | |Induced e. m. f. (V)/mV |0 |0. 5 |1 |1. 6 |2. 4 |4. 1 | [pic] |Distance (r) / cm |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |1/r /cm |1. 00 |0. 50 |0. 33 |0. 25 |0. 20 | |Induced e. m. f. (V)/ mV |4. 2 |3. 2 |2. 6 |2. 3 |2 | [pic] The sensitivity of the search coil can be increased by increasing the frequency. B. Magnetic field around slinky solenoid When placing the search coil at the centre of the solenoid, across its cross-section, the induced e. m. f. shown on the CRO, i. e. the length of the vertical trace is the maximum, that means the magnetic field of the straight wire is the maximum. When placing the search coil at the end of the solenoid, across its cross-section, the induced e. m. f. shown on the CRO, i. e. the length of the vertical trace is nearly half that at the centre of the solenoid, that means the magnetic field of the straight wire is nearly half that at the centre of the solenoid. When placing the search coil along the length of the solenoid, the induced e. m. f. shown on the CRO is quite uniform except near its two ends. |Current I/A |0. 01 |0. 02 |0. 03 |0. 04 |0. 05 |0. 06 | |Induced e. m. f. (V)/mV |1. 4 |2. 8 |3. 4 |4. 2 |6 |6. 6 | [pic]p Stretched length (l ) / m |1 |0. 9 |0. 8 |0. 7 |0. 6 |0. 5 |0. 4 |0. 3 | |1/l /m |1. 00 |1. 11 |1. 25 |1. 43 |1. 7 |2. 00 |2. 50 |3. 33 | |Induced e. m. f. (V)/ mV |1. 6 |1. 8 |2 |2. 2 |2. 4 |2. 8 |3 |3. 2 | |[pic] Discussion 1. From the V-I graph in step 6 (Graph A. 1), the current flowing in the straight wire is directly proportional to the induced e. m. f. (V). As the induced e. m. f. ? = -NA dB/dt, the current flowing in the straight wire increases with the magnetic field produced by the current-carrying straight wire. From the V- graph in step 8 (Graph A. 2), the distance from the straight wire is inversely proportional to the induced e. m. f. (V). As the induced e. m. . ? = -NA dB/dt, the distance from the straight wire decreases with the magnetic field produced by the current-carrying straight wire. Thus, the result agree with the equation [pic], where ? 0 is the permeability of free space. 2. From the V-I graph in step 16 (Graph B. 1), the current flowing in the slinky solenoid is directly proportional to the induced e. m. f. (V). As the induced e. m. f. ? = -NA dB/dt, the current flowing in the slinky solenoid increases with the magnetic field produced by the current-carrying solenoid. From the V- graph in step 18 (Graph B. ), its stretched length is inversely proportional to the induced e. m. f. (V). As the induced e. m. f. ? = -NA dB/dt, its stretched length decreases with the magnetic field produced by the current-carrying solenoid. Thus, the result agree with the equation [pic], where ? 0 is the permeability of free space and is the number of turns of the solenoid. 3. It is necessary to place the search coil at the same level and perpendicular to the straight wire. Otherwise, the magne tic field cannot cut the search coil completely and ideally. Then, the induced e. m. f. is not the maximum and even there is no induced e. . f. shown on the CRO. As a rollecteesult, the data cd is not accurate. 4. There are several sources of error. First, there is reading error, zero error of ammeter. Secondly, the space between coils is not even. Thirdly, the magnetic field around the straight wire and the slinky solenoid is easily disturbed by other apparatus nearby. Finally, the search coil is not at right angles to the straight wire and the solenoid, this make the data collected becomes inaccurate. To avoid disturbance, the set-up should be significantly distant from the return leads and other apparatus. The space between coils is nearly even. The search coil is nearly at right angles to the straight wire and the solenoid Therefore, the experiment can be improved. 5. Reason for the sensitivity of the search coil can be increased by increasing the frequency. First of all, the search coil detects a varying B-field through the current induced in it which is: From the deduction, we can see that with A and B0 held constant, which are the area of search coil and the peak value of the varying B-field respectively, the rate of change of magnetic flux ? ncreases with increasing ? which is the angular frequency with value 2? f, where f is the frequency of the B-field. 6. The Earth’s field can be ignored because it is a steady magnetic field. Conclusion The magnetic field around a long straight wire carrying a current is directly proportional to the current (I) and inversely proportional to the distance(r) from the wire. The magnetic field inside the solenoid carrying a current is direct ly proportional to the current (I) and the number of turns (N) but inversely proportional to the length (l ) of the solenoid.